Electrospinning nanofibers of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates for applications in medical tissue engineering

Differently to most chemically synthesized medical materials, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are intracellular carbon and energy storage granules, which is a family of natural bio-polymers by microorganism's materials. Due excellent biocompatibility reasonable biodegradability versatile material difference, PHAs well biomaterials candidates for applications in tissue engineering drug delivery, including commercial PHB, PHBV, PHBHHx, PHBVHHx, P34HB few uncommercial PHAs. Electrospinning nanofibers with the size 10–10,000 nm can improve mechanical properties decrease crystallinity PHA, meanwhile simulate structure function native extracellular matrix cells. Hence, electrospinning as engineered scaffolds have been widely used cardiovascular, vascular, nerve, bone, cartilage skin; also, carriers application delivery system. In this review, we highlight extraction from or microorganism, microstructure, current manufacturing techniques Moreover, challenges prospects discussed rationally, providing an insight into developing vibrant fields nanofibers-based biomedicine.